Geotextile woven fabrics are synthetic substances engineered for specific applications in civil and environmental engineering. These fabrics, constructed from interwoven yarns of polymer fibers, exhibit exceptional durability and permeability characteristics. Woven geotextiles find diverse uses in soil improvement, drainage systems, separation laye

Geotextiles are engineered materials widely used for geotechnical engineering applications. Such nonwoven geotextiles are composed of randomly arranged fibers that offer a range of beneficial properties, including high tensile strength, permeability, and resistance to erosion. Geotextile nonwovens find numerous applications in several geotechnical